Timothy H. Boyer

Professor of Physics

theoretical physics

Other Information

PUBLICATIONS
"Derivation of Conserved Quantities from Symmetries of the Lagrangian in Field Theory," Am. J. Phys. 34, 475-478 (1966).
"Operators for Symmetry Transformation in Canonically Quantized Field theories," Il Nuovo Cimento 44, 613-626 (1966).
"Continuous Symmetries and Conserved Currents," Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 42, 445-466 (1967).
"Conserved Currents, Renormalization, and the Ward Identity," Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 44 1-10 (1967).
"Quantum Electromagnetic Zero-Point Energy and Retarded Dispersion Forces," Phys. Rev. 174.  1631-1638 (1968).
"Quantum Electromagnetic Zero-Point Energy of a Spherical Conducting Shell and the Casimir Model for a Charged Particle," Phys. Rev. 174, 1764-1776 (1968).
"Recalculations of Long-Range van der Waals Potentials," Phys.  Rev. 180, 19-24 (1969).
"Derivation of the Blackbody Radiation Spectrum without Quantum Assumptions," Phys. Rev. 182, 1374-1383 (1969).
"Concerning the Zeros of Some Functions Related to Bessel Functions," J. Math. Phys. 10, 1729-1744 (1969).
"Cutoff-Independent Character of Electromagnetic zero-Point Forces," Phys. Rev. 185, 2039-2040 (1969).
"Classical Statistical Thermodynamics and Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. 186, 1304-1318 (1969).
"Quantum Zero-Point Energy and Long-Range Forces," Ann. Phys. 56, 474-503 (1970).
"Specific Heat of a Classical Plane, Rigid Dipole Rotator in Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D1, 2257-2268 (1970).
"Third Law of Thermodynamics and Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D 1, 1526-1530 (1970).
"Sharpening Bridgman's Resolution of the Gibbs Paradox," Am. J. Phys. 38, 771-773 (1970).
"Particle Identity Entropy and Maxwell-Boltzmann Counting," Am. J. Phys. 38, 849-851 (1970).
"Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Fields for Charged Particles Moving with Constant Velocity," Am. J. Phys. 39, 257-270 (1971).
"Misinterpretation of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect," Am. J. Phys. 40, 56-59 (1972).
"Asymptotic Retarded van der Waals Forces Derived from Classical Electrodynamics with Classical electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 5, 1799-1802 (1972).
"Unretarded London van der Waals Forces Derived from Classical Electrodynamics with classical electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 6, 314-319 (1972).
"Mass Renormalization and Radiation Damping for a Classical Charged Particle in Uniform Circular Motion," Am. J. Phys. 40, 1843-1846 (1972).
"A Comment on 'The Classical Limit of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect,'" Am. J. Phys. 40, 1555 (1972).
"Retarded van der Waals Forces at All distances Derived from Classical Electrodynamics with Classical electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 7, 1832-1840 (1973).
"Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of a Charged particle with a Constant-Current Solenoid," Phys. Rev. D 8, 1667-1679 (1973).
"Classical Electromagnetic Deflections and lag Effects Associated with Quantum Interference Pattern Shifts: Considerations Related to the Aharonov-Bohm Effect," Phys.
Rev. D 8, 1679-1693 (1973).
"Penetration of the Electric and Magnetic Velocity Fields of a Non-relativistic Point Charge into a Conducting Plane," Phys. Rev. A 9, 68-82 (1974).
"Concerning the Zero-Point Energy of the Continuum," Am. J. Phys. 42, 518-519 (1974).
"Van der Waals Forces and Zero-Point Energy for Dielectric and Permeable Materials," Phys. Rev. A 9, 2078-2084 (1974).
"Random Electrodynamics: The Theory of Classical Electrodynamics with Classical electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D 11, 790-808 (1975).
"General Connection Between Quantum Electrodynamics and Random Electrodynamics for Free Electromagnetic Fields and for Dipole Oscillator System," Phys. Rev. D 11, 809-830 (1975).
"Temperature Dependence of van der Waals Forces in Classical Electrodynamics with Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 11, 1650-1663 (1975).
"Equilibrium of Random Classical electromagnetic Radiation in the Presence of a Nonrelativistic Nonlinear Electric Dipole Oscillator," Phys. Rev. D 13, 2832-2845 (1976).
"Electrostatic Potential Energy Leading to an Inertial Mass Change for a System of Two Point Charges," Am. J. Phys. 46, 383-385 (1978).
"Statistical equilibrium of Nonrelativistic Multiply Periodic Classical Systems and Random Classical Electromagnetic Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 18, 1228-1237 (1978).
"A Connection Between the Adiabatic Hypothesis of Old Quantum Theory and Classical Electrodynamics with Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 18,
   1238-1245 (1978).
"Electrostatic Potential Energy Leading to a Gravitational Mass Change for a System of Two Point Charges," Am. J. Phys.  47, 129-131 (1979).
"Inconsistency Between the Boltzmann Distribution for Relativistic Free Particles and Planck Spectrum for Thermal Radiation in Quantum Theory," Phys. Rev. D 19,
   3635-3640 (1979).
"A Brief Survey of Stochastic Electrodynamics," - a chapter in Foundations of Radiation Theory and Quantum Electrodynamics, A.O. Barut, editor, (Plenum Publishing Co., New York 1980): 45-63.
"Classical Model of the Electron and the Definition of Electromagnetic Field Momentum," Phys. Rev. D 25, 3246 (1982).
"Derivation of the Planck Radiation Spectrum as an Interpolation Formula in classical Electrodynamics with Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys.
   Rev.  D 27, 2906-2911 (1983).
"Thermal Effects of Acceleration for a Classical Dipole Oscillator in classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D 29, 1089-1095 (1984).
"Derivation of the Blackbody radiation Spectrum from the Equivalence Principle in Classical Physics with Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D 29,
   1096-1098 (1984).
"Classical Spinning Dipole in Classical electrodynamics with Classical Electrodynamic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. A 29, 2389-2394 (1984).
"Reply to 'Comment on Boyer's Derivation of the Planck Spectrum," Phys. Rev. D 29, 2418 (1984).
"Thermal Effects of Acceleration for a Classical Spinning Magnetic Dipole in Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Phys. Rev. D 30, 1228-1232 (1984).
"Lorentz-Transformation Properties for energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Systems," Am. J. Phys. 53, 176-171 (1985).
"The Classical Vacuum," Scientific American 253, No.2, August, 70-78 (1985).
"The Aharonov-Bohm effect as a Classical Electromagnetic Lag Effect: An Electrostatic Analogue and Possible Experimental Test," Nuovo Cimento 100B, 685-701 (1987).
"The Proposed Aharonov-Casher Effect: Another Example of an Aharonov-Bohm effect Arising from a Classical Lag," Phys. Rev. A 36, 5083-5086 (1987).
"The Force on a Magnetic Dipole," Am. J. Phys. 56, 688-692 (1988).
"Conformal Symmetry of Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation," Found. Phys. 19, 349-365 (1988).
"Scaling Symmetry and Thermodynamic Equilibrium for Classical Electromagnetic Radiation," Found. Phys.  19, 1371-1383 (1989).
"Penetration of electromagnetic velocity fields through a conducting wall of finite thickness," Phys. Rev. E53, 6450-6459, 1996.
"Example of Mass-Energy Relation: Classical Hydrogen Atom Accelerated or Supported in a Gravitational Field," Am. J. Phys. 66, 872-876 (1998).
"Understanding the Penetration of Electromagnetic Velocity Fields into Conductors," Am. J. Phys. 67, 954-958 (1999).
"Does the Aharonov-Bohm Effect Exist?" Found. Phys. 30, 893-905 (2000).
"Classical Electromagnetism and the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift," Found. Phys. 30, 907-931 (2000).
"Electric and Magnetic Forces and Energies for a Parallel-Plate Capacitor and a Flattened, Slip-Joint Solenoid,"Am. J. Phys. 69, 1277-1279 (2001).
"Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of Point Charge and a Magnetic Moment: Considerations Related to the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift," Found. Phys. 32, 1-39 (2002).
"Semiclassical Explanation of the Matteucci-Pozzi and Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shifts," Found. Phys. 32, 41-49(2002).
“Comments on Cole and Zou’s Calculation of the Hydrogen Ground State in Classical Physics,” Found. Phys. Letters 16, 613-617 (2003).
"Thermodynamics of the Harmonic Oscillator: Wien's Displacement Law and the Planck Spectrum," Am. J. Phys. 71, 866-870 (2003).
"Conjectured Derivation of the Planck Radiation Spectrum from Casimir Energies,” J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36, 7425-7440 (2003).
“Casimir Forces and Boundary Conditions in One Dimension: Attraction, Repulsion, Planck Spectrum, and Entropy,” Am. J. Phys. 71, 990-998 (2003).
“Unfamiliar Trajectories for a Relativisitic Particle in a Kepler or Coulomb Potential,” Am. J. Phys. 72, 992-997 (2004).
“Blackbody Radiation, Conformal Symmetry, and the Mismatch Between Classical Mechanics and Electromagnetism,” J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38, 1807-1821 (2005).
“Illustrations of the Relativistic Conservation Law for the Center of Energy,” Am. J. Phys. 73, 953-961 (2005).
“Relativity, energy flow, and hidden momentum,” Am. J. Phys. 73, 1184-1185 (2005).
“Darwin Lagrangian Analysis for the Classical Electromagnetic Lag Associated with the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift,” J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39, 3455-3477 (2006).
“Proposed experimental test for the Paradoxical Forces Associated with the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift,” Found. Phys. Letters 19, 491-498 (2006).
“Connecting Linear Momentum and Energy for Electromagnetic Systems,” Am. J. Phys. 74, 742-743 (2006).
“Connecting blackbody radiation, relativity, and discrete charge in classical electrodynamics,” Found. Phys. 37, 999-1026 (2007).
“Scaling symmetries of scatterers of classical zero-point radiation,” J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40, 9635-9642 (2007).
“Unresolved classical electromagnetic aspects of the Aharonov-Bohm phase shift,” in Quantum Theory: Reconsideration of Foundations-4, edited by G. Adenier, A. Yu. Khrennikov, P. Lahti, V. I. Man’ko, and T. M. Nieuwenhuizen, AIP Conference Proceedings vol. 962, Melville, NY 2007.
“Concerning ‘hidden momentum,’” Am. J. Phys. 56, 190-191 (2008).
“Comment on experiments Related to the Aharonov-Bohm phase shift,” Found. Phys. 38, 498-505 (2008).

"Illustrating some implications of the conservation laws in relativistic mechanics," Am. J. Phys. 77, 562-569 (2009)
"Blackbody radiation and the scaling symmetry of relativistic classical electron theory with classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation," Found. Phys. To be published.
"Derivation of the Planck spectrum for relativistic classical scalar radiation from thermal equilibrium in an accelerating frame," Phys. Rev. D. to be published.

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